Caffeine addiction case study (Essay) - 275 Words

Caffeine addiction case study (Essay Sample) Content: Caffeine Addiction Case StudyName Institution Caffeine AddictionDescription of the ConditionDid you know that the global estimate of caffeine consumption is approximately 120,000 annually? This scale makes caffeine one of the worlds leading psychoactive substances used by the global population ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1002/hbm.20732", "ISBN" : "1097-0193", "ISSN" : "1097-0193", "PMID" : "19219847", "abstract" : "Caffeine is a commonly used neurostimulant that also produces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Chronic caffeine use results in an adaptation of the vascular adenosine receptor system presumably to compensate for the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine. We investigated the effects of caffeine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in increasing levels of chronic caffeine use. Low (mean = 45 mg/day), moderate (mean = 405 mg/day), and high (mean = 950 mg/day) caffeine users under went quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging on four separate occasions: twice in a caffeine abstinent state (abstained state) and twice in a caffeinated state following their normal caffeine use (native state). In each state, there were two drug conditions: participants received either caffeine (250 mg) or placebo. Gray matter CBF was tested with repeated-measures analysis of variance using caffeine use as a between-subjects factor, and correlational analyses were conducted between CBF and caffeine use. Caffeine reduced CBF by an average of 27% across both caffeine states. In the abstained placebo condition, moderate and high users had similarly greater CBF than low users; but in the native placebo condition, the high users had a trend towards less CBF than the low and moderate users. Our results suggest a limited ability of the cerebrovascular adenosine system to compensate for high amounts of daily caffeine use.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Add icott", "given" : "Merideth A", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Yang", "given" : "Lucie L", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Peiffer", "given" : "Ann M", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Burnett", "given" : "Luke R", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Burdette", "given" : "Jonathan H", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Chen", "given" : "Michael Y", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Hayasaka", "given" : "Satoru", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Kraft", "giv en" : "Robert A", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Maldjian", "given" : "Joseph A", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Laurienti", "given" : "Paul J", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Human brain mapping", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2009" ] ] }, "page" : "3102-3114", "title" : "The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate?", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "30" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=abfd51c7-5b9c-434e-9088-efae157abb94" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Addicott et al., 2009)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Addicott et al., 2009 p. 3102). For example, approximately 7 5% of the American population drink coffee on a daily basis while the Asian population form the highest proportion of people using caffeine products on a daily basis ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.schres.2008.10.009", "ISBN" : "0920-9964 (Print)", "ISSN" : "09209964", "PMID" : "19006656", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Adolfo", "given" : "Amy B", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "AhnAllen", "given" : "Christopher G", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Tidey", "given" : "Jennifer W", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Schizophrenia research", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2009" ] ] }, "page" : "192-197", "title" : "Effects of smoking cues on caffeine urges in heavy smokers a nd caffeine consumers with and without schizophrenia.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "107" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=300e187c-21d3-4efb-b58c-f03fc09cd8d9" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Adolfo, AhnAllen, Tidey, 2009)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Adolfo, AhnAllen, Tidey, 2009 p. 197). Soft drinks such as tea and coffee are some of the beverages that contain large amounts of caffeine because they affect ones health status when taken in large amounts. However, it is appreciable that prolonged consumption of caffeine results in addiction secondary to dependence ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.3109/07853890009002029", "ISBN" : "0785-3890 (Print)", "ISSN" : "0785-3890", "PMID" : "11209966", "abstract" : "Caffeine and nicotine are the most common psychostimulant drugs used worldwide. Str uctural neuroimaging findings associated with caffeine and nicotine consumption are limited and primarily reflect the putative relationship between smoking and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a finding that warrants further appraisal of its clinical implications. The application of newer brain imaging modalities that measure subtle haemodynamic changes or tissue-based chemistry in order to better elucidate brain functional processes, including mechanisms underlying addiction to nicotine and caffeine and the brain functional consequences, provide intriguing findings. Potential influences of caffeine and nicotine on the functional contrast, or metabolic response, to neural activation also necessitates the careful appraisal of the effects that these commonly used drugs may have on the results of functional imaging.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Dager", "given" : "S R", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-partic le" : "", "family" : "Friedman", "given" : "S D", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Annals of medicine", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2000" ] ] }, "page" : "592-599", "title" : "Brain imaging and the effects of caffeine and nicotine.", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "32" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d2248e2b-1c23-4f9b-985b-7cf1fd8a3075" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Dager Friedman, 2000)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Dager Friedman, 2000 p. 598) (Ries, 2009 p. 111). Caffeine is an active stimulant of the CNS and its regular use results in repeated stimulation, which leads to physical dependence to caffeine ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1353/bhm.2003.0012", "ISBN" : "0415927226", "abstract" : "Caffeine is the world's most popular drug! Almost all of us start our day with a jolt of caffeine from coffee, tea or cola. And many of us crave chocolate when we're stressed or depressed. Without it we're lethargic, head-achy and miserable. Why? Why do we crave caffeine? How much do we really know about our number one drug of choice?Here is the first natural, cultural, and artistic history of our favorite mood enhancer--how it was discovered, its early uses, and the unexpected parts it has played in medicine, religion, painting, poetry, learning, and love. Weinberg and Bealer tell an intriguing story of a remarkable substance that has figured prominently in the exchanges of trade and intelligence among nations and whose most common sources, coffee, tea, and chocolate, have been both promoted as productive of health and creativity and banned as corrupters of the body and mind or subverters of social order. Some Highlights From the \"World of Caffeine\" Balzac's addiction to caffeine drove him t o eat coffee, as some schizophrenic patients are observed to do today, and may have killed himMary Tuke breaks the male monopoly on tea in England in 1725The ways caffeine functions as a \"smart pill\"Goethe's responsibility for the discovery of caffeineDid a mini Ice Age help bring coffee, tea and chocolate to popularity in Europe?What is the mystery of coffee's origin?As good as gold: the stories of how caffeine, in its various forms, was used as cash in China, Africa, Central America and EgyptWhat does the civet cat have to do with the most costly coffee on earth today? \"The World of Caffeine\" is a captivating tale of art and society -- from India to Balzac to cybercafes -- and the ultimate caffeine resource.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Eden", "given" : "Trudy A. 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The Sun Also Rises Annotated Bibliography - 1782 Words

Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises A Transformation Of Values Mara L. Tyler American Literature II In The Sun Also Rises, during the transition of society from World War I to post-war, values transformed from the â€Å"old-fashioned† system of what was morally acceptable to a system that held the basic belief that anything of value, whether tangible or intangible, could be exchanged for something of equal value. This novel specifically pinpoints the transformation of the values of money, alcohol, sex and passion (aficion), friendships and relationships, and even one’s pain. An Introduction To The â€Å"Lost Generation† In the pages prior to Book I of The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway quoted Gertrude Stein: â€Å"You are all a lost generation†,†¦show more content†¦The value of monetary exchange extends to his relationships, particularly with Brett: â€Å"I had been getting something for nothing. That only delayed the presentation of the bill. The bill always came. That was one of the swell things you could count on† (Hemingway, 152). In this instance, Jake is referencing that his friendship with Brett, has given him the benefits of having as much of a romantic relationship as he can, which makes him feel he has cheated Brett of deserving payment. This explains why Jake supports Brett’s sexual promiscuity, as other men are capable of giving her what he cannot, sexually. Brett Brett is the picture perfect image of the post-war generation transformation of values in relation to gender. In the roaring twenties, Brett embraces her freedom; she is the typical roaring twenties lady, with a boyish haircut, and both the drinking and sexual promiscuity of a man. Her infatuation with money and her interaction with money and other values is interesting, as she interacts indirectly through means of drinks, meals, clothing articles, trips, and sexual affairs. What makes Brett most interesting is that she herself is a value amongst men, giving her body, companionship, and friendship to Jake, Mike, and her many suitors. As the theme of the importance of money continues, some may wonder how Brett is included in such a money-thirsty group when she herself doesn’t spend much of a dime; this is because her primary man,Show MoreRelatedFood And Cuisine And Culture Throughout The World1452 Words   |  6 Pagesisn’t consumed, you see that all foods carry some sort of meaning that is often symbolic. In this annotated bibliography I will be looking at five sources that explain some symbolic meanings and uses of food. By looking at gastronomic themes such as: The basic relation between food as an expression of ethnicity, its role in religion, and consequently ritualistic use of food and food taboos, and also its role in society as a status symbol. Reading 1: Zelinsky, W. (2001). The enigma of ethnicity:Read MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1668 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice system. When guards engage in the criminal activity that they are supposed to be preventing, their safety as well as the safety of the prisoners is at risk. Complying with the demands of prisoners not only strengthens the power of an inmate, but also significantly demoralizes crooked officers. I have decided to investigate the causes and effects of prison corruption because I want to understand why guards are willing to risk their careers and safety over petty cash, in order to help my readerRead MoreEssay about racial inequality1317 Words   |  6 Pagesclosing down, the Klu Klux Clan emerged and everything was chaotic. Inequality surfaced and there was nothing they could do but fight for their rights(NFB,Seed of the Sixties). Colored people during that period were not just facing racial segregation but also, they faced serious poverty. For example in the documentary â€Å"Journey to Justice†(NFB,2000), black people lived in a city called, purposely â€Å"Afric Ville† which was basically the sewer, dump and garbage of all the other regions. Footage of little kidsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Crime And Justice1538 Words   |  7 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on Crime and Justice Crime may simply be referred to as an offense against the state or against morality and is punishable by law, while justice is the fairness practiced during judgment of cases usually in instances where crime has taken place. Crime and justice go hand in hand as commonly evident in a case whereby a criminal is apprehended and taken to a court of law, then a ruling of justice practiced on the case and fairness used in passing of judgments. In most governmentsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Climate Change2488 Words   |  10 PagesAnnotated bibliography issue 1: Climate Change in Canada 1.Working together to fight Climate Change. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2016, from http://climatechange.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En Information from the Canadian Government website explains some factual information about what climate change is and how it is affecting Canada. From the website, it highlights some key information and basically explains what climate change is. It explains the causes and impacts of climate change and possible solutionsRead MoreEssay The Forbidden City2571 Words   |  11 Pagesimperial city during Ming and Qing dynasties. It was a home for twenty-four emperors. The palace consists of nine hundred buildings and nine thousand nine hundred ninety nine rooms. In additional, the palace was not only the center of politics, but it also the center of culture, the arts, poetry, history and science. Furthermore, Chinese people, in Ming and Qing dynasties, believed that they built the palace to home the son of heaven, the term they referred to their emperors. However, this paper willRead More Global Warming is Here. Now What? Essay example2876 Words   |  12 Pagesnotions and statistics. To t ruly uncover the truth, we need to see the full picture. While researching climate change, with the mountains of false or cherry-picked data out there, you certainly learn to be skeptical of a sources creditability. You also, learn the importance of getting the full picture, rather than just a partial one. Heres a few examples, of what Im talking about. A while back many were convinced that because CO2 follows global surface temperature increase by about 800-1000 yearsRead More The Navigation of Christopher Columbus and the Age of Discovery4963 Words   |  20 Pagesbased on what was believed to be sure knowledge. The histories of navigation and sailing are intertwined in such a way that for the purpose of this study they cannot be separated. Also a part of this story are what I believe to be some intriguing possibilities regarding the peopling of the Americas and the rise of Native American civilizations. No one knows for certain either where, or when, man first began using floatation as a method of dealing with the rivers, streams, lakes, and otherRead MoreDy-No-Mite! Stereotypical Images of African Americans on Television Sitcoms4305 Words   |  18 Pagesactors on these shows are given scripts with characters that demean each other with insult humor, projecting the idea that African Americans do not respect each other, and often see themselves as inferior even when whites are not around to demean them. Also, the widespread practice of televising the type of profane street comedy† used by stand-up African American comedians further â€Å"reinforces the acceptability of social dominance and control by whites as a theme in popular culture.† And these imagesRead MoreChicano Murals in Los Angeles3931 Words   |  16 Pagesborder with Guatemala, the first frescoes are found in the ancient Mayan city of Bonampak, located in the state of Chiapas. The frescoes date back to the year 790 A.D., realistically depicting spiritual rituals of the Mayan culture. Aztec murals are also found in Teotihuacan, dating from 650 Ââ€" 750 B.C. Pre-Columbian art had a tremendous influenced the great muralists who emerged from Mexico in the post-Porfiriato years of the Mexican Revolution and continued to be represented in murals of the Chicano

Obstructive Sleep Apnea - 620 Words

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is when someone is experiencing episodes of cessation of breaths during sleep because of their upper airway relaxing and obstructing air flow during sleep. The episodes usually last for ten seconds or greater and is usually accompanied with a decreased oxygen saturation. Although the airway is relaxed and obstructing airflow, the body (brain) is still attempting to breathe. When breathing has resumed from its apneic state, there is usually a loud gasping snore and or body jerking which can lead to restless sleep for the person with OSA and their partner. According the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute more than twelve million people in the United States have this clinical disorder. People who have OSA may be sleepy in the day and experience subsequent disorders such as oxyhemoglobin desaturation, pulmonary hypertension, right-sided heart failure, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and diabetes. Proper diagnosing and treatment of a person with OSA c an yield optimal results thereby improving quality of life. Some causes or risk factors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea are being overweight or obese, having a large neck, having a narrow airway, high blood pressure, diabetes, being middle aged, and having a genetic predisposition. Patients with OSA seem to have high cholesterol with an increase in LDL’s and a decrease in HDL’s (good cholesterol (Nadeem R, 2014). Intermittent sleep or sleep deprivation causes changes in the way the body metabolizesShow MoreRelatedObstructive Sleep Apnea ( Osa ) Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major health problem, as more than 22 million adults in the U.S suffer from OSA.1 The prevalence of moderate to severe OSA in older adults aged 65 and over is twice as high as that in middle-aged adults.2 Unfortunately, estimates suggest that 85% of individuals with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed.3 Individuals with untreated moderate to severe OSA are at a greater risk for depression (DEP), mild cognitive impairment ( MCI), and dementia compared to individualsRead More Obstructive Sleep Apnea Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone has heard the term â€Å"Sleep Apnea† in one place or another, whether it was on the news, from a friend or relative, or perhaps from their very own physician. What is sleep apnea? Who is at risk for developing sleep apnea? Are there specific signs or symptoms to look for? How is sleep apnea diagnosed? Can it be treated? What additional health problems can be caused if the disorder is untreated? All of these are vital questions. Most people have encountered sleep apnea, but many do not know theRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pageslife-threatening sleep disorder or not, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Sleep disturbance has the potential to stop breathing or make your breathing becomes shallow. Loud snoring is the most common symptom of obstructive sleep apnea that occurs in many people with this condition. Some people do not realize that they snore because they rarely awakened by the sound of snoring itself. Sleep disorders occur in patients who have limited supply of oxygen into the body when they sleep. Some reasonsRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea ( Osa )2044 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be a common form of sleep-disordered breathing and increase the overall risk of mortality by one and a half times in serious cases, many patients with OSA remain undiagnosed and unrecognized by healthcare professionals (Stuart et al, 2013). Depending on the source, up to approximately 10% of women and 25% of men have OSA, while the overall prevalence of OSA in the general population is between 3% and 7%. OSA is more common in individuals who areRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea ( Osa )1199 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a primary sleep disorder caused by repeated partial or complete upper airway collapse despite an ongoing effort to breathe during sleep. It is estimated that 22 millions of Americans suffer from OSA; 80% of men and 93% of women with moderate to severe OSA have not been diagnosed. There is a higher prevalence of moderate to severe OSA in the elderly (aged 65 or older) than in other age groups.[1] In patients with OSA, there are high rates of depressionRead MoreCorrelation Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea787 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This study investigated the positive correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an increased rate of postoperative complications including (1) postoperative hypoxemia, (2) intensive care unit (ICU) transfers, and (3) prolonged length of hospital stay in noncardiac surgical patients. OSA patients commonly express cardiac disease, have an increased risk for postoperative morbidity, and OSA is considered an independent risk factor for patient mortality. This study is significantRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea At School Aged Children Presented With Nocturnal Enuresis2104 Words   |  9 PagesObstructive sleep apnea in school aged children presented with nocturnal enuresis INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is an abnormal breathing pattern during sleep characterized by snoring and increased respiratory effort and with variable severity where obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) constitutes the most severe form of it. Childhood OSA has been accepted recently to be associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, including both cognitive and behavioural deficits. (1)Read MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea, A Very Highly Widespread And Underdiagnosed Disease Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesObstructive Sleep Apnea, OSA, is a very highly widespread and underdiagnosed disease (Kerner Roose, 2016). The ailment can affect the person and the people around the affected individual immensely. When one takes the time to diagnose a case of OSA it can be helped and treated. Many different factors should be taken into account when dealing with Obstructive Sleep Apnea, including the psychological perspective it falls under, the research methods used to investigate it , the positive and negativeRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea ( Osa )1602 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an ever-increasing problem affecting millions of people in the United States. The prevalence of OSA has risen drastically over the past few decades concurrently with the increasing prevalence of obesity. Subsequently, there has been an ever-increasing rise in the use of CPAP. While there are many adverse effects to the use of CPAP, the majority are described as being relatively benign. Here we discuss a case of significant sudden sensorineural hearingRead MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea ( Osa )1220 Words   |  5 Pages Obstructive sleep apnea: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep–breathing disorder characterized by momentary episodes of either complete breathing cessation for periods of ten seconds or more (apnea) or significant reductions in breathing amplitude (hypopnea) caused by a collapsed or obstructed airway; these two conditions can lead to hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in blood) and hypercapnia (high levels of carbon dioxide in blood). Patients are categorized as having mild, moderate or severe

Case Study When Hackers Turn to Blackmail Essay - 1699 Words

Case Study: When Hackers Turn to Blackmail 1. The introduction of Sunnylake hospital case The use of information technology in business presents major security challenges, poses serious ethical question, and affects society in significant ways. Especially, the computer crime is a growing threat to society and is caused by the criminal or irresponsible actions of individuals who are taking advantage of the widespread use and vulnerability of computers and the Internet and other networks. It presents a major challenge to the integrity, safety, and survival of most business systems. Once Sunnylake Hospital was a backwater community care centre, while Paul, the CEO of Sunnylake had come to the hospital five years earlier, the situation of†¦show more content†¦Once negotiations are in play, everything turns into a chess game. The negotiator and the emergency team can work out terms and logistics. When an agreement has been reached, the money is dropped and the whole episode is over. 2.2 Providing full disclosure to his various constituents The CEO and the board are responsible for â€Å"good business judgment† in guarding against the threat. So Paul’s first mistake was to dismiss the original e-mail message. All IT threats should be taken seriously, and he would have let Jacob Dale know about no IT system is â€Å"bulletproof.† Sunnylake should have had a workable, fully tested backup system to ensure uninterrupted patient service and protect everyone affected. Doctors and nurses are trained to diagnose, problem solve, and dynamically treat their patients. IT systems facilitate, but are not substitutes for, patient treatment. The fact that the hospital did not have up-to-date security software installed, or a reliable security outsourcer and an emergency plan in place, is inexcusable. So what should Paul, the CEO, do? First, he had better get off that sofa and give up the vain hope that IT can restore the system and get the hospital running again. Paul should also be in high communication mode with all of his constituents. He should understand that in today’s networked environment there are absolutely no secrets. Any IT breach forces an organization to ask, How much should we disclose about this threat? InShow MoreRelated Technology and the Invasion of Privacy Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesTechnology and the Invasion of Privacy As citizens of America we are all entitled to our rights of privacy. When something threatens this guaranteed privacy we tend to take extra precautions to prohibit prolonged violation. As the advancing world of technology continues to grow and expand, so do the amount of cases involving privacy invasion. Technology drives these privacy-invading crimes; however, crime also drives technology, creating a vicious cycle. Without technology an invader couldRead MoreCybercrime : Cybercrime And Cybercrime2257 Words   |  10 Pagesclassification identifies with violations that are encouraged by PC systems or gadgets like cyber stalking, misrepresentation, fraud, blackmail, phishing (spam). BACKGROUND Bill Murray a representative for us Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in Washington, D.C., says in 2003 number of cybercrime incidents continued as before this year concerning 13 years ago. With one major special case. The 2003 Computer Security Institute (CSI) and FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey, distributed in April, demonstratesRead MoreProblems And Solutions Of Gambling Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation), gambling has already been a big part of economy gains in America. They found that gambling generates nearly $240 billion annually in total economic impact. Additionally, gambling creates more than 1.7 million job opportunities in America.(â€Å"When Gaming grows†, 2014). On the other hand, gambling can bring many problems such as compulsive gambling and crime. In newspaper, tragedies like â€Å"corrupted official gambles for money laundry† or â€Å"company bankrupted because the boss was obsessed with gambling†Read MoreA Brief Note On Pr ivacy And The Privacy2459 Words   |  10 Pagesas national and international levels. Is it possible to sustain our privacy to levels that are deemed safe when you are on your cellphone, computer, or even in the safety of your own home due to these technology advancements? Because of advanced programs and technology, our privacy is at danger and isn’t always guaranteed safety. A very significant asset to most people is having privacy when we need it. We want to be able to have the freedom to access our personal items such as documents, onlineRead MoreNetworked Economies And Crime.3169 Words   |  13 Pagescommonly referred to as ‘the boss’. This type of organization is characterized by a kind of structure where it resembles a family that is neatly and tightly bound together by loyalty and trust to each other (McIllwain, 2005). The boss’, patron in this case, main role is to aid the client in either economic or security in terms of protection that is repaid by the same client in terms of duties as per the orders of the patron. This type of network encompasses different types of individuals in its networksRead MoreCybercrime and Its Impact in Bangladesh7186 Words   |  29 Pages 3 2.0 METHODOLOGY 4 2.1 Study Area 4 2.2 Target Audiences 4 2Read MoreThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 Pageschosen doctrinal method as method of research for the present article and has used books, journals, research articles for preparation of the same. Objectives of the study The main objectives of the research work is To study the concept of white collar crime in detail. 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Risk can be defined as â€Å"the chance of commercial or personal loss†. * There are basically invisible risks in a country, which are the risks that we do not think about explicitly. * There has been recently growth of the study of the country risk analysis due to the globalization of business and the push for higher return by shareholders. Subsequently if any foreign investor wants to start business in Nigeria, this is prerequisite to do a broad country risk analysisRead MoreMis Summary25465 Words   |  102 Pages(FIT): includes technologies that make the execution of stand-alone tasks more efficient. Assists with the execution of discrete tasks. Ex.: word processors, spreadsheets, CAD systems Characteristics: Can be adopted without complements; impact increases when complements are in place Capabilities: o Enhancing experimentation capacity o Increasing precision 2) Network IT (NIT): provides a means by which people can communicate with one another. Facilitates interactions without specifying their parameters

Essay on Tour de France Drug Abuse - 4746 Words

The question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. Since even the most naà ¯ve fan no longer trusts the cyclists,†¦show more content†¦Pedro Delgado even argued that somebody put them in his glass, and that he did not even notice it. Still these incidents were considered minor in comparison to the sandal of 1998. â€Å"Nowhere has the disgrace of doping been felt more dramatically than in the Tour de France, the world’s most prestigious cycling event† (Wilson E6). The scandal started on July 8 when Festina’s team masseur, Willy Voet crossed the French-Belgian border and was checked by French customs authorities. Driving an official car, issued by the Societe du Tour de France, nobody would have thought that he could be stopped. Voet was carrying plenty of banned substances in his car, which immediately resulted in Voet’s arrest. The drugs found in the car were erythropoietin (or EPO), human growth hormone, testosterone, syringes, and amphetamines. Voet confessed a few days after being arrested that it â€Å"was not the first time he’d ferried such a haul of performance-enhancing dope to big races, generally, as on this occasion, under order from the Festina team bosses† (Fife 201). As soon as the Tour arrived in France on July 14th, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) suspended the professional licenses of Festina’s sports directors, Roussel and Ryckaert, and put the leaders of the team, Richard Virenque, Laurent Brochard, and Laurent Dufaux on hold. The following day the Festina team was disqualified from the Tour after some ofShow MoreRelatedTour de France Drug Abuse4890 Words   |  20 PagesThe question of drug use among athletes in what was previously considered by the unknowing public to be a rather pristine sport, cycling, is important in that it will affect all future Tours and will place them and the athletes under scrutiny. To begin with, in Europe until the 1998 scandal occurred, despite a few exceptions, cycling was considered a drug free sport. The 1998 drug scandal tarnished the Tour de France and the reputation and image of other sports. 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Going to the Movies vs. Renting a Movie free essay sample

Its Friday night and John is trying to decide what to do for the night. He wants to watch a movie, but he cannot decide between going to the movies and renting a movie. Have you ever been in this situation? Have you ever thought about the pros and cons of watching a movie at the theater versus the price to rent a movie from your local rental store? If you havent given any thought to it, then this may be the time to look at some pros and cons of these two different ways of watching movies. Overall it is your decision, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding whether you want to go to the movie theater or rent a movie. Movie theaters are always overcrowded and you have to get there fifteen minutes early to get a good seat. Also, you always have to plan around the times that the theater chooses to show the movie you want to see. We will write a custom essay sample on Going to the Movies vs. Renting a Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sometimes this can be a hassle because there are other things you need to be doing at the time they choose to play the movie. Once you get there, you have to pay outrageous prices for tickets. Then, if ou want to go to the concession stand for a snack and drink you might as well bring an extra twenty dollars. Once you get to your seat, there are always people who disturb you throughout the movie. There are always people who have to get up to use the restroom and block your view of the screen in the process. Normally at least one person forgets to silence their cell phone and you are constantly reminded when their phone goes off every five minutes. Another thing is, everyone knows the pain of having to get up from the seat in the theater and go to the restroom. You are always paranoid that you will miss something vital in the movie, you trip over people, run into the unclean restroom, and rush back to your seat. After the movie is over, you always have to wait forever to get out of the parking lot because everyone seems to get out at the same time. This is very time consuming most of the time and causes frustration and road rage with many people. Road rage is sometimes still found in people going to rent movies because of the traffic. But, overall people who rent movies are better off because of the many dvantages. Unlike the going to the movie theater, it is rather cheap to rent a movie. You only have to pay one fee for the movie instead of having to pay for each person individually. The cost of snacks and drinks for a group of people at home is almost the same as for one person at the theater. So, staying home and snacking on some freshly made popcorn and an ice cold soda is a lot cheaper than going to the theater. When you rent movies, you get to decide what time you start the movie because it is all in your control. Also, if you need to use the restroom or if someone calls, there is the option of pausing the movie. If you fall asleep or something else comes up, you always can start the movie over at a later time. Instead of having to sit in those stiff movie theater seats, you can relax in your comfortable recliner while cuddling up with someone you love. Also, there are not as many distractions when you are at home. There are not as many people there, so there is a less chance someone will be constantly walking in front of the television. Overall both ways will entertain you because you will be able to watch a movie. Additionally, you get to enjoy the brilliant actors and actresses that spend months movies are a great way to amuse oneself without requiring a lot of work on your part. Furthermore, popcorn and other snacks are always a must when watching a movie; but it is your decision what price you would like to pay. Going to the movies and renting a movie at home both have their own distractions, although one place may have more than the other. Lastly they both require money, but movies are a great way to spend time with people you enjoy being around. So, it is Friday night and now you are trying to decide whether you want to go to the theater or stay at home. Which one will you choose after seeing the pros and cons laid out in front of you? Will you choose to pay $7. 00 for a rental movie, a bag of popcorn, and a two liter or choose to pay $30. 00 for a movie ticket, popcorn, and a drink? Overall it is your decision to make on your own, but hopefully you will enjoy yourself either way.

Leadership and Change Management for Situational Leadership

Question: Discuss about theLeadership and Change Management for Situational Leadership. Answer: Introduction The aim of the assignment is to discuss about the leadership qualities of the CEO of a company. In this response, the report initially briefs the background of the company and the type of the leadership model that best suits the company. The report highlights various leadership models for gap analysis. The gap analysis will inform of the leadership style that best suits the chosen CEO. Followed by the analysis, a leadership improvement plan is developed while describing the reasons for change. There are various barriers when a change is initiated. In this report the anticipated barriers to change is discussed. All the arguments and informations are supported with relevant literature in the report. Based on the overall discussion the conclusion on leadership and management is drawn lastly. Background of the company In this report, the leadership of Alan Joyce is discussed. He is the CEO of the Qantas airways. It is the flag carrier of Australia and is the third oldest airline in the world. Qantas airways was founded in 1920. Qantas stands for "QueenslandandNorthern TerritoryAerial Services". The airline has its main hub at Sydney airport (Lucarelli, 2014).). There are various leadership styles a leader of aviation industry should seek and apply for meeting organisational goals. According to McCleskey (2014), no one leadership style suits all occasions. Therefore, Hersey-BlanchardSituational Leadership Theory, is appropriate for any business. As per this model, a leader can demonstrate telling behaviour (highly directive and less supportive), selling behaviour (highly directive and supportive behaviour), participating behaviour (low directive but highly supportive) or delegating behaviour (low directive and low supportive). Each of this style of situational leaders is determined by the psychological maturity of the followers, competence and motivation level. The situational leadership theory also aligns with the contingency theory of leadership. According to this theory, the effectiveness of the leaders is contingent with the capacity to modulate the managerial behaviour and leadership traits referring to different situations or subordinates' understanding (Miner, 2015). For instance, in the situation of cost cutting and low cost one can use the autocratic leadership style. An autocratic leader maintains tight control over the employees while taking their ideas and opinions. This leadership does give much room for individualism as leader supervises them closely but takes ultimate power (Northouse, 2015). On the other hand, the transformational leaders can bring fresh ideas to the aviation industry. Such leaders are change agents as they exhibit comprehensive knowledge of business. Transformational leaders engage in two-way communication with the employees triggering their motivation and engagement. Similarly, if the employees are demotivated transactional leadership style can be used for empowerment and motivation. Motivated employees can only satisfy the customers in aviation industry (McCleskey, 2014). In contrast to the above-mentioned concepts and theories of leadership, the behavioural theory emphasise that a leader needs a particular behaviour to satisfy the subordinates. However, this kind of approach may be effective only in one point of time (Miner, 2015). The participative or the democratic leadership style requires the leaders to engage in two-way communication with the employees for decision making in an organisation. Participation approach helps people to add more value to company however; it may be inefficient due to incompetence in decision-making (Northouse, 2015). According to Mc Gregor theory, there are two different styles of management, the authoritarian (theory X) and participative (theory Y). Theory X can be used when the team members lack motivation to work. It is a hands-on approach involving the micromanaging of people with tight control. The theory Y can be used when employees love to take challenges and ownership of work. Unlike the theory X the theory Y, involves collaborative and true based relationship. The former mainly is based on the pessimistic attitude while the later is based on the optimistic and positive opinion (Arslan Staub, 2013). Considering the fact that aviation industry is controlled by political, economic, environmental, technological factors, it has a changing nature. The situational leadership is most appropriate for aviation industry. Leader and gap analysis Alan Joyce has relied on classic leadership qualities to drive the results. These include decisiveness,accountability, communication and teamwork. He has used the same leadership style for both Qantas and Jester. He has always set clear and specific goals and with his ambitious goals, he could trigger employment engagement and innovation. He is known to be a charismatic and energetic leader (Gollan, 2014). He aligns with the authoritarian leadership traits (theory X). The leadership philosophy that helped Joyce to sustain the changing nature of the aviation industry is maintain flexibility and adapt to change (Bourke, 2017). It led to personal development of the CEO as well as Qantas. Alan Joyce has strong communication skills that has emerged as he his believer of people. He engaged in open and honest communication with his delegates. It is these skills that helped him bring several people to job. This aligns with the participatory approach of leadership (theory Y). He has high self-esteem and self believe that aids in facing adversity. It is this trait that makes Alan, attend the meetings, face media, the senate Committee hearing, instead of delegating these tasks to trusted lieutenant. It is due to his high personal and mental resilience, he could confront difficult issues. This made him dealt easily with the complex issues and made decisions inspite of external criticisms (Homsomba t et al., 2014). According to Taylor (2016), Alan Joyce was adamant when he joined Qantas Airways. It was due to low staff engagement and morale. He had no choice but to wage like autocratic leaders. However, he was a winner despite disturbance caused to customers. However, he got high degree of humility. He could boost the staff morale in less time by his energetic and enthusiastic attitude. He was expressive while informing about companys vision and came up with rationale and realistic attitude. This behaviour aligns with the transformational leadership. Considering the leadership traits and behaviour of Alan Joyce it can be concluded that, he mainly uses autocratic, participative, transformational and motivational theory of leadership. It can be said that the CEO is acting as per situational theory. Depending on the competence, and commitment of his followers he offered his support to them. Therefore, other forms of leadership such as the behaviour or trait approach to leadership style or laissez faire style does not suit this industry, as these will be applicable only one time. Development of a Leadership Improvement Plan According to Taylor (2016), there are behavioural issues in Qantas that may be critical to its success. Aviation is an outcome driven business. Employees may also have some psychological needs. Further, aviation industry is under strong influence of government. Therefore, it is challenging the industry leader to manage the internal and external environment. This may create a power issues. Not all the employees in the Qantas are highly competent in their field or are capable of taking independent actions. Therefore, there is still a room for leadership improvement for Qantas although Alan has been recognised as role model for many other leaders. There is a need of all types of leadership styles implemented depending on the situation. Alan though applies situational leadership style does not focus on the transactional, authoritarian leadership style. Transactional leadership style is required for keeping the employees motivated. This leadership emphasise on giving contingency rewards for the employees. It can be physical and psychological. It may take place as an exception to the established procedure (Miner, 2015). According to Taylor (2016), in aviation industry, democratic leadership style may be effective as Alan is an inspiring leader. Alan needs fair mind for problem solving considering the Vision- Mission of Qantas. Alan Joyce should also focus more on the authoritarian leadership discussed above. Here Alan can tightly control the employee giving little room for two way dialogue. It can be used for followers without competence (McCleskey, 2014). To initiate a change a leader can implement the Lewin model. This model involves three steps. In unfreezing stage, effective communication skills should be used to educate the employees about implementing certain change (say reducing labour cost due to increase in fuel price) and it purpose to motivate them to accept change. This stage must be followed by changing stage the employee may move towards change through continuous support and education. At this stage, the employees are aware of the benefits of change. This stage must be followed by refreezing stage where the leader must ensure that the change is not lost. This may be possible through certain reinforcement such as rewards (Shirey, 2013). AnticipatedBarriers to Change During implementation of authoritarian leadership, employees may feel devalued and disrespected as there is no room for individualism. Pessimistic attitude of the employees such as not asking for right things, lack of self believe or inability to cope up with the power dynamics may create chaos. It is recommended that employee should be provided with leadership training to avoid these barriers (Burke, 2017). Conclusion In conclusion, this report has provided a clear insight of different leadership styles. However, considering the fact that aviation industry is controlled by political, economic, environmental, technological factors, it has a changing nature. The situational leadership is most appropriate for aviation industry. Alan Joyce was successful in implementing different leadership concepts depending on situation. However, there is a difference between leadership and management behaviour. In order to successfully run a business one needs both skills. A manager must have leadership quality to plan, organise, lead and control the organisations functions. However, leadership is spearhead for new direction that is followed by a group. References Arslan, A., Staub, S. (2013). Theory X and theory Y type leadership behavior and its impact on organizational performance: Small business owners in the ?ishane Lighting and Chandelier District.Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,75, 102-111. Bourke, J. (2017). Getting Personal About Committing to Diversity.Catalyst. Burke, W. W. (2017).Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, N. (2014). Flying high.CIO, (Spring 2014), 56. Gollan, P. (2014). Flying kangaroo fights for life.Public Administration Today, (37), 20. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z., Fu, X. (2014). Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, 1-16. Lucarelli, G. (2014). The corporate strategy of Qantas Airways. A case study. McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewins theory of planned change as a strategic resource.Journal of Nursing Administration,43(2), 69-72. Taylor, E. (2016). Silencing the critics: two years on from a record-busting net loss, Qantas chief Alan Joyce has overseen bumper results and says the rapid recovery owes as much to its turnaround programming as it does to plunging fuel prices.Airline Business.