Julius Caesar Essay Marc Antony’s Power of Persuasion

Marc Antonys Power of Persuasion in Julius Caesar In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, although Marc Antony is allowed to make a speech at Caesars funeral, he must not speak ill of either the conspirators or Caesar. Antony was infuriated with Caesars assassination, and wants to seek revenge on his killers as well as gain power for himself in Romes government. He must persuade the crowd that has gathered that Caesars murder was unjust, and turn them against Brutus and Cassius. He tries to stir his listeners anger, rousing them into action and yet say nothing bad about his enemies. Marc Antony uses several persuasive devices in his speech, which allows him to successfully convince the citizens of Rome to turn†¦show more content†¦Because Antony cannot speak negatively about the conspirators, he uses verbal irony and repetition in his speech to say one thing, but make the audience believe the opposite. The tone of voice he uses in his speech is one indication that he does not mean what he says. When Antony calls Brutus and Cassius honorable men, he uses a sarcastic tone to show that they were actually not very honorable. Again and again he repeats the phrase honorable men, and each time the irony is more powerful. Antony connects the audiences new belief that Cassius and Brutus were not honorable to his message that they should not mutiny. He says, O masters, if I were disposed to stir/Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,/I should do Brutus wrong and Cassius wrong,/Who (you all know) are honorable men (III.ii.133-136). The crowd thinks that the conspirators were not honorable, therefore they believe that mutiny would be acceptable. To gain the full effect, Antony repeats that the crowd should not mutiny five times, so they lose the main point of his message, and only remember from the indignation in his voice that mutiny is a possible solution. Antony appeals to his audiences emotions: horror, sadness and anger, to persuade them to his view. Antony enters with Caesars body and shows his lamentation over his death, which reminds the plebeians what a horrible deed Brutus committed.Show MoreRelated Female Power, Maternity and Genderbending in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra3164 Words   |  13 PagesFemale Power, Maternity and Genderbending in Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra The 19th century essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt wrote of Cleopatra, She is voluptuous, ostentatious, conscious, boastful of her charms, haughty, tyrannical, [and] fickle, which are great and unpardonable faults (Hazlitt 2-3). Much of the criticism of Antony and Cleopatra has recycled this judgement, depicting Cleopatra as a villainess uses her eroticism and sexuality to motivate Antony to

A Logical Approach Necessary For Successful Critical Thinking

A logical approach necessary to achieve successful critical thinking involves utilizing the eight elements of reasoning. These elements include the purpose, question at issue, information, conclusions, concepts, assumptions, implications and consequences, point of view, context, and alternatives that are possible when analyzing an issue. In the text ‘Learning to Think Things Through, Nosich discusses each of these elements in detail. He states â€Å"Each of the elements is essential, and each can furnish you with insight into the heart of the subject you are reasoning about† (Nosich 50). When I was younger, I took the wrong course of action; I failed to think critically because of my misuse and disregard of these elements. In hindsight, if I had utilized these elements correctly and thoroughly, the outcome could have had been more advantageous for everyone. When I was younger, I was a very misguided child. At the age of 14, about once a month, I would steal jewelry from Sears. I was very tactical with my approach in the incidents prior therefore my crimes were never discovered, or so I thought. I almost got away with it today as well, but my mother decided to take a prolonged visit and talk with customer service. I was waiting for us to leave when a man with a really expensive ear piece, who looked he was from the FBI came outside and asked if I had taken some rings. Not wanting any trouble, I responded with yes and took them out of my bag and gave them to him. He took me to theShow MoreRelatedEssay Daniel H. Pinks Critique of A Whole New Mind796 Words   |  4 PagesWill right-brainers rule the future? A whole new mind: why right-brainers will rule the future, a book by Daniel H. Pink assesses this critical question. Pink’s book is divided into two parts. 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Child Development1 Essay Example For Students

Child Development1 Essay Physical, Mental, Emotional and Social Development in ChildrenInfants grow at a very rapid rate during the first one and a half years of life. Development is not only physical, but mental, emotional, and social. This development provides a strong background for further development in life. Physical development refers to a babys increasing skill at utilizing various body parts. During development, there are three basic developmental rules: Rule one states, that babys develop in the head region first, followed by the upper body, followed by the trunk portion, and lastly the legs and feet. For example, a baby can hold up their heads first before they can grab an object with their hand. The second rule refers to motor skills. Motor skills are the childs ability to control movement. The two basic classifications in motor skills are large motor skills and fine motor skills. Large motor skills deal with all the large muscles, whereas fine motor skills deal with smaller muscles in the body. The third developmental rule is brain development. As the brain develops a child responds more and more to sight and sound, which prepares them for further development (Langer, 172). At birth an infants vision is limited by the immaturity of the brain, beyond 7-12 inches an infants world is a total blur. Infants eyes unlike ours do not contain a fovea (Langer, 86). A fovea is the area of the retina in which the images are focused. Their eye movements are very slow and are jerky at times. They are able to see color but prefer the sharper contrast of black and white. Although babies cant see small objects that are far away, they can see large objects that are up close. An adults perfect vision is estimated to be 20/20 and infants vision is estimated to be around 20/600 (Langer, 204). By the end of the first year a babys vision nearly matches that of a grown adult (Langer, 204).Newborns actively use their senses from the time that they are born. When they are little, a childs attention span is very limited. In the first two months, they can only focus on an edge of an object, however by the end of the second month they can scan an object as a whole. This is important because it shows that a babys attention span is very limited and they are not able to focus on an object for a long period of time (Cole, 53). At the time of birth newborns can hear soft voices as well as loud voices and can also notice the difference between different sounds that are made. Infants are not able to listen or hear selectively. When babies hear speech they tend to open their eyes wider and look for the speaker. Infants love the sounds of children since their voices are higher in pitch. This is why they like to hear baby talk which is used by most adults all over the world (Baldwin, 121). In the first two weeks after birth, infants have developed some reflexes. Babies begin to explore their grasping reflex where they can hold tightly to an object. Many of these behaviors evolved because they are important for a childs survival, without these a child would not be able to physically develop properly. The absence of reflexes in a newborn are signals of possible problems in brain development (Baldwin, 136). Newborns are brought into this world having some sort of reflexes in order for them to adapt to their surroundings. One of the most basic reflexes is the rooting reflex. This reflex helps an infant turn its head to any object that stimulates a cheek, such as a baby bottle for feeding. A newborn also will have a very strong grasping reflex. If you place your finger in a babys finger, generally anywhere from one-week old and on, a baby will have a very strong grip. Motor skills also allow a baby to sit, crawl, stand, and walk. Some motor skills such as sitting up come a lot earlier than walking. Cognitive development relates to the reasoning and logic of an infant. Jean Piaget among all researchers dedicated his life to a search for the ideas behind cognitive developm ent. He was the first person to chart the journey from the simple reflexes of the newborn to the complex adolescent (Piaget, 47). Piaget believed that all childrens thinking progresses through the same stages, in the same order without skipping, or building onto previous stages. He also believed that the thinking of infants is different from the thinking of children and the thinking of children is different from that of an adolescent (Piaget, 88). To explain how infants move to higher standards of understanding and knowledge, Piaget introduced four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (0-18 months), pre-operational (2-7 years), concrete operational (7-11 years), and formal operational (over 11 years) (Piaget, 160). The first 18 months of development is the sensorimotor. In this stage infants develop schemas or basic units of knowledge. During this stage infants can form schemas only of objects that are present. They cannot think about absent objects because they cant act on them. The key to the sensorimotor intelligence is the emergence of what Piaget called the object concept, or the concept of object permanence (Piaget, 78). According to Piaget, a very young infant does not seem to recognize that objects have a permanent existence outside of his or her interaction with it. Early in infancy, from birth to around four months of age, babies will naturally look at a toy, follow it with their eyes and try to grasp it. As soon as the object is out of sight babies mentally think it know longer exists. They do not have the concept of knowing its there, if its out of sight. Infants will begin to develop object permanence at around four months. Also, at this time they are beginning to learn that a disappearing object may still exist. Infants between 4- 8 months not only begin to turn their heads to follow a moving object, but continue to look along its path after it has vanished, however they will not search for it. From about 8-12 months infants for the firs t time will search manually for an object that disappears out of their sight. When children reach this stage they can follow all the visible movements of an object (Cole, 306). The Metamorphosis EssayBaldwin, Alfred L. Behavior and Development in Childhood. NY: Dryden Press, 1955. Cole, M. Cole, S.R. The Development of Children. New York: W.H. Freeman Co, 1989. Cruttenden, A. Language in Infancy and Childhood. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979. Erikson, E.H. Dimensions of a New Identity. New York: Norton, 1974. Hoffman, Lois W. Hoffman, M. Review of Child Development Research. June 1997, http://www.library.yale.edu/socsci/subjguides/psychology/psyc425.htm, (November 16, 2000). Langer, Jonas. Theories of Development. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969. Neubauer, Peter. The Process of Child Development. Dec 1992, http://www.ex.ac.uk/Psychology/docs/develop.html., (November 19, 2000). Piaget, J. (1965). The MoralJudgment of the Child. The Free Press: New York, 1965. Power, F.C., Higgins, A. Kohlberg, L. Lawrence Kohlbergs Approach to Moral Education. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. Sroufe, L.A. ; Cooper, R.G. Child Development, Its Nature and Course. Feb 1995, http://server.bmod.athabascau.ca/html/aupr/developmental.shtml, (November 3, 2000). Westman, Jack C. Individual Differences in Children. NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1973. Bibliography:

Architecture and Challenges in Computing

Question: Discuss about the Architecture and Challenges in Computing. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the concept of cloud computing and how it impacts the business in a different manner these days. Therefore, in the process of understanding the power of cloud computing, it is important to have more clarity about streamlining the processes of IT which make the whole process more convenient. However, it is important to understand that it is not easier to rush into the whole process (Aljabre, 2012). Right before, making the changes, it is also crucial to ask some relevant questions and also understand the pros and cons of the process. Cloud computing is being used like never before, and there are organizations of every kind and sizes that adapt the newer technology which helps business to work in an efficient manner. Some industry-based experts who also believe that the system will only continue to develop even further in coming future. The concept of cloud computing is also very advantageous for some mid-size as well as big organizations. As discussed, there are certain disadvantages as well of the process with the opinion to assist many establishments completely understand the process in a proper manner (Aljabre, 2012). There is the detailed discussion of advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing with an opinion to assist these kinds of establishments by having complete clarity about the concept of cloud computing. Objective of the report The objective of the report is to understand the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing clearly. Since cloud computing comes with some advantages for the businesses however companies cannot completely depend on it, and there are some disadvantages as well, and it is crucial to completely understand the concept of business as well as technology which is based on service providers. The concept of cloud computing can be defined as the providing on-demand resources related to computing, and it is also important to understand that everything from some applications to a different base of data can be applied here on the internet. This is done with the help of on a pay for usage basis. Companies like Microsoft and the Amazon are some of the biggest names in providing cloud computing system and also offer the same kind of definition. This also means the concept can utilize the internet in the place of a hard drive in the computer to access the remote servers and also some effective processors that have the ability to perform an intensive storage functions over the internet (Subashini and Kavitha, 2011). There are different kinds of clod computing programs discussed in detail below: Infrastructure based service: this concept consists of the basic blocks that help in building cloud computing and information technology structure as well as also provides access to a number of networking based characteristics. It also consists of data based storage spaces as well as a number of computers. The system also provides companies with high flexibility level and overall control on management over a number of resources in IT, and it is also quite same to the present resources of IT that any department or developer can be familiar with at the present time. Platform as a main service: this kind of system eliminates the requirement for companies to manage the basic level of infrastructure that usually based on operating systems and hardware. Also, it also permits companies to pay attention to the process of deployment and also manage the application in an effective manner (Marston et al., 2011). This further assists them to be more effective as it doesn't require to take any tension about the resource based procurement process, or planning of the capacity, maintenance of software or any other different and heavy lifting which requires involvement in running the overall application. Software as the main service: this can be treated as a finished product that is managed by a number of different service providers. In many cases, it is important to refer the software as the main service that can be referred to software as the main service provider and it can refer to the end-user based applications. With this kind offers there is no requirement to think about how services can be maintained as well as the overall infrastructure can be properly managed. It is important that users only require basing whole research on the specific piece of software. There are some common examples of the system like website based emails. Here these emails are received and further sent without properly users that can manage characteristic in addition to the product and also maintain different servers as well as operating systems that is based on any program (Marston et al., 2011). Cover over data: while running any application that one can share the photographs with millions of mobile based users and also provide support to the critical kind of functions associated with the business. At the same time, the cloud providers are based on providing a rapid access towards flexible as well as low cost based IT kind of resources. The marketplace online and another kind of cloud provider said that the users usually don't need to make large investments in different kinds of hardware and also provide a lot of time on the heavy lifting of managing the hardware in a perfect manner. Rather, the concept of computing can be treated as a provision which is of the right kind and for the right size of computing the resources which require the power in the new as well as bright ideas that function in many IT departments (Han et al., 2011). Comparative Analysis When the cloud computing system is used in the right manner and to some extent, it is important while working with information in the cloud can be very profitable for every kind of business. Following are some of the main advantages of this system: Cost based efficiency: the concept of cloud computing is the most cost efficient system in using, maintaining and also upgrading process. While dealing with traditional desktop based software costs, companies spent a lot, and it is associated with finance. Also, the licensing based fees add different users, and this can prove to be quite expensive for the setting up in the concerned department. On the other hand, the cloud is present at an affordable rate and therefore, can lower the expenses of IT in significant manner. Also, there are some one-time payments where pay as one go and another kind of scalable point present that make it further reasonable for the organization (Han et al., 2011). Unlimited storage: storing the data in the cloud provides a lot of storage capacity. Therefore, one needs to worry about completely run out of the storage space or raising the present storage space and its overall availability. Recovery and backup: - all the data is stored in the cloud, and this is why proper backup and restoration of the same is easier than storing the similar kind of physical devices. Also, many cloud-based services providers are normally competent by nature to handle the overall recovery of data in an efficient manner. Automatic integration of software: in cloud computing, software based integration is normally associated with something which happens automatically. This also means that one need to some extra efforts to change and also integrate the applications as per the preference of the customers. These kinds of aspect generally take care of itself and not just that, the concept of cloud computing permits the company to customize the options with ease accordingly. This way, the company can handpick different services and software based applications that one can think of and it also suits the specific enterprise in a proper manner (Low et al., 2011). Comfortable access to data: - once companies get to register to the system, it can easily access the data from any part of the world where there is a proper internet connection. This feature will help in going beyond the present time zone and geographic based locations and related issues. Rapid deployment: Lastly, the process of cloud computing provides different advantages of rapid deployment. When the company goes for this method of operations, the entire system can be completely functional very quickly. At the same time, the time taken here will also depend on the same type of technology that company required for the business (Low et al., 2011). Despite of all above disadvantages, the concept of cloud computing also has some disadvantages which are discussed in detail below: Issues in technical aspect: the fact that information on the cloud can be accessed at any point of time and from any part of the world. However, at times the systems can create a lot of problems. Companies should be well aware of the fact that the technology is always based on many technical problems. In fact, the best kinds of service providers function into kinds of trouble and despite keeping some very high standards for maintaining it properly. The company also must have a strong internet connection to get logged onto a different kind of server at all possible times. The concept of cloud computing is an important characteristic of any big scale deployment. It can be taken as a method which leads a much tech-based organization to offer companies and people their personal space to store and also use the growing pile of information since some smart machines gather it. It is important to understand that not everything about storing information online can be an advantage when it is compared with older hardware ways (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Security based on a cloud: the other important issue while using the cloud technology is that there number of security-based challenges. Right before applying this technology; companies must understand that one will be completely surrendering all the sensitive information of the company to an outsider. This can be a great risk for the company. Therefore, companies require being completely sure that they choose the most trusted service provider who will protect the information correctly (Janssen and Joha, 2011). Attacks possibility: saving the data in the cloud can make the companies in the most vulnerable situation and can also impact many external based hacks like attacks or threats. It is important to understand that there is nothing on the internet which is completely safe and this is why there is always a risk of hacking of sensitive data. Gaps identified There are some disadvantages discussed above, and the best kind of cloud provider can claim complete immunity towards service based outages. Some cloud computing systems that are based on the internet and also mean the overall access is based on the strong internet connection. Therefore, it is important to understand that whether the business can absorb a continuous bout based on constant slowdowns. Also, there are some incidences in past where service provider like DropBox faced the similar situation for the longest period which is two days. It is very important to consider two crucial points like business based processes that can be halted if any service provider goes completely down and the internet connection which must be strong otherwise all business based application will also drop offline (Fernando et al., 2013). The technology of cloud computing in the present time has become very crucial for every business users, and it further plans to move ahead and be more advanced. The kind of cloud has addressed many needs of organizations. This can be in public based cloud or private based cloud and in some case a hybrid kind of cloud where every category is sufficient to apply it effectively. The concept of cloud computing is that the business answers that every company can utilize properly. There are so many pros as well as cons of cloud computing, and it is important to be very careful while applying in business (Gczy et al., 2011). Conclusion Like every other process, the concept of cloud computing has its pros as well as cons. The technology can also prove to be a huge asset for the organization, and it can also cause some serious harm or threats if not executed in a proper manner. The concept is not evolving in a way it never happened before, and there are companies in all kind of shapes and sizes that can adapt to new technology. There are industry experts that have a belief that this fashion will only develop and grow further in future (Gai and Li, 2012). This is why the concept of cloud computing is very beneficial for so many and different kinds of companies. Of course, as discussed it comes with number disadvantages specifically for small businesses. In the present time, with proper planning and significant precautions, the disadvantages of the concept can be reduced tremendously. It is also true that the concept has transformed the business world completely and the advantages can easily outweigh the disadvantages of cloud computing. Minimum cost, as well as easy access along with proper data backup and centralization as well as security and rapid testing, are becoming more and more relevant (Jadeja, and Modi, 2012). References Aljabre, A., 2012. Cloud computing for increased business value.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(1). Subashini, S. and Kavitha, V., 2011. A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing.Journal of network and computer applications,34(1), pp.1-11. Marston, S., Li, Z., Bandyopadhyay, S., Zhang, J. and Ghalsasi, A., 2011. Cloud computingThe business perspective.Decision support systems,51(1), pp.176-189. Han, J., Haihong, E., Le, G. and Du, J., 2011, October. Survey on NoSQL database. InPervasive computing and applications (ICPCA), 2011 6th international conference on(pp. 363-366). IEEE. Low, C., Chen, Y. and Wu, M., 2011. Understanding the determinants of cloud computing adoption.Industrial management data systems,111(7), pp.1006-1023. Janssen, M. and Joha, A., 2011, June. Challenges for adopting cloud-based software as a service (saas) in the public sector. InECIS. Fernando, N., Loke, S.W. and Rahayu, W., 2013. Mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future generation computer systems,29(1), pp.84-106. Gczy, P., Izumi, N. and Hasida, K., 2011. Cloudsourcing: managing cloud adoption. Gai, K. and Li, S., 2012, November. Towards cloud computing: a literature review on cloud computing and its development trends. InMultimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), 2012 Fourth International Conference on(pp. 142-146). IEEE. Jadeja, Y. and Modi, K., 2012, March. Cloud computing-concepts, architecture and challenges. InComputing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on(pp. 877-880). IEEE.

Wolfe Implementing Self-Directed Taems free essay sample

RL Wolfe: Implementing Self-Directed Teams Introduction and Background Analysis This case was about the implementation of self-directed teams (SDTs) at the new pipe manufacturing plant of RL Wolfe located in Corpus Christi, Texas. The assessment took place in the second quarter of 2007, four years after the initial implementation of the SDT structure. The main change agents were John Amasi, RL Wolfe’s Director of Production and Engineering, and Jay Winslow, the Corpus Christi plant manager. Winslow was hired by Amasi to help in the planning and implementation of SDTs in the new Corpus Christi plant acquired by RL Wolfe in 2003. In contrast to Wolfe’s Austin and Columbus plants, the new plant was not unionized and was structured differently than the unionized plants in terms of job distinctions, work roles, and workers’ level of autonomy and involvement in decision-making. Amasi expected that after the implementation of SDTs, the Corpus Christi plant would achieve high productivity defined by him as 95% or more of design capacity. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfe: Implementing Self-Directed Taems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Meanwhile, the Wolfe’s Austin and Columbus plastic pipe manufacturing plants were running at 70% and 65% of design capacity respectively. Amasi’s Assessment Amasi arrived in Corpus Christi in May of 2007 to evaluate the results of the implementation of STDs. He found that the productivity level was at 82%- extensively higher than at Austin or Columbus’ plants, but still well below Amasi’s initial target of 95%. Efficiency levels on the third shift were considerably lower than for the first and second shift. Absentee rates were notably below the average for the first and second shifts, although they remained equivalent for the third shift. Leadership style and the role of the coordinator had changed positively, with 80% of the decisions about work made on the factory grounds versus through direction by the coordinator. The assessment exposed some problems in performance evaluations, ongoing tensions between the technicians and the line operators and material handlers, who felt they lacked status compared to the technicians. Besides there was worker frustration over perceived management failure to hand over promised control, and critical questions about just how much freedom to give the SDTs. Challenges Although the Corpus Christi plant had higher productivity and lower absenteeism rates compared to the ones at the other Wolfe plants, it was still not performing at the â€Å"high productivity† level that Amasi anticipated. Implementation of SDTs at the Corpus Christi plant had been associated with these superior results. The challenge is to figure out how to better utilize the SDT at Corpus Christi to drive productivity, as well as determine whether or not to implement SDTs to Wolfe’s other plants. Interventions Analysis The SDT arrangement in place at the Corpus Christi plant represented a completely different organizational structure than in the other Wolfe’s plants. Amasi assumed it would be easy to establish SDTs at Corpus Christi since this was an entirely new plant for the company. Although Amasi was able to get a new start with mostly new workers and a new plant, he did not consider the cost of the lack of congruence between SDTs and the culture and organizational structure in the broader organization. Although it is not stated in the case, it seems that there was no pressure to change structure due to any competitive advantage. Amasi solely took the decision of establishing SDTs in the new plant based on his readings and perceptions about the potential productivity improvement. I believe he needed to evaluate first the skills and culture required for the success of SDTs. From the case I can infer that the other two plants at Wolfe had a hierarchical structure with rigid job classifications and weight on the worth of seniority. There is strong evidence that the overall organizational culture and management style has historically been authoritarian. Wolfe’s culture lacked consensus-building and genuine participation in the decision-making processes, which are crucial characteristics for SDTs’ success. Although it was estimated that after three years of SDTs’ creation, the teams made 80% of the decisions, I cannot certainly infer that there was a change from an autocratic culture to one of consensus. Apparently, teams were empowered but at the same time they were not allowed to set performance goals or participate in strategic plans for the overall company. The limited empowerment might hinder the ability of SDTs to effectively work. I recommend a transition system where SDTs set their own performance goals, in coordination with management’s goals. The fact that operators complained bout having to wait for maintenance personnel to come in and repair problems, showed that they were willing to carry out these repairs themselves. I believe this is an indicator that operators were interested in self-management to some extent. This is a positive frame for SDTs success. Amasi’s expectation of getting 95% of productivity within three years was too optimistic. It repre sented an improvement of about 40% over the performance of the other two plants. A change in the culture of an organization cannot be done overnight, but instead is a process that takes time and perseverance. SDTs achieve gains when there is congruence among culture and organizational structure, skills and ability of the workers, opportunities to participate, supportive management, appropriate mix of team incentives, and the right environmental conditions. I believe Amasi needed to be more realistic and aware that this transformation required time and systematic OD interventions. Moreover, while higher productivity levels have been associated with the implementation of SDTs at Wolfe, there may be other reasons for this improvement. For instance, Corpus Christi was a new plant with workers and managers more attentive to tasks and goals. In addition, through the meticulous hiring process, Amasi and Winslow might get better workers than their counterparts in Columbus or Austin. The poor performance of the third shift (night hours) was present not only at the Corpus Christi plant but also in Wolfe’s other plants. The attempt of Winslow to solve this issue was rejected by the SDTs who saw this intervention as a lack of keeping the promise to allow self-direction. It might be worthwhile to give the SDTs the tools to investigate the problem. The reason for the shift’s poor performance could be the dissatisfaction of the workers with their poor family life (not able to share with family members during day hours), and the lack of any compensation differential; ultimately this caused workers to lose their motivation. At the manufacturing plant where I was a supervisor, workers rotated across different shifts allowing everyone to set a family time during the month. They had also a slightly higher remuneration to compensate the hardiness of the third shift. Winslow promoted a growing division between the line-level factory workers and the workers designated as â€Å"technicians. † I believe that Winslow gave preferential consideration to technicians when he wanted feedback of SDTs’ performance. This contributed to an increased gap between the two levels of workers. One of the principles of SDTs is egalitarian value (all members need to be treated as equals), which had been undermined through these actions. I would recommend doing some icebreaker activities and training that lead both levels of workers to improve their relationship. Besides, there was a fairly high turnover of floor workers, which means the membership within the teams changed frequently. This could hinder team cohesion and productivity. Winslow needed to improve workers’ motivation through egalitarianism, compensation and stimulating training programs, such as the Teachable Point of View used by Ford. I want to point out that Amasi and Winslow did not include a clear incentive program to compensate the additional responsibilities acquired by workers through SDTs’ implementation. The extra $2 per hour that Amasi initially considered was eliminated because of union concerns. Although SDTs might help to perform the same job more efficiently, I believe team players needed a compensation incentive to enhance their commitment. I recommended a systemized team-based performance evaluation system. Finally, I would recommend that Amasi and Winslow continue working together to improve SDTs with the target of further increasing in productivity (a more realistic 90% goal). Once the SDT structure has been refined, Amasi should meet Wolfe’s top managers to present the requirements and advantages of implementing SDTs at Austin and Columbus’ plants. I believe that Corpus Christi can be used as a benchmark for implementing SDTs at Wolfe’s other plants. At the end, overall Wolfe’s transformation in culture, structure, people, and task would set the SDTs’ requirements for success: enhanced productivity and competitiveness. Appendix (1) Self-directed team is defined as a committed, multi-skilled, multifunctional group with responsibility for the completion of a fairly whole piece of work and the control of all input, output, and underneath variables and conditions that influence team performance.

A Quick Tutorial on the Perl Array Pop() Function

A Quick Tutorial on the Perl Array Pop() Function When writing a Perl script you might find it handy to use the pop() function, which looks like this: $ITEM pop(ARRAY); Perls pop() function is used to remove and return (or pop) the last element from an array, which reduces the number of elements by one. The last element in the array is the one with the highest index. Its easy to confuse this function with shift(), which removes the first element from an array. An Example of Using the Perl Pop() Function myNames (Larry, Curly, Moe);$oneName pop(myNames); If you think of an array as a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right, it would be the element on the far right. The pop() function would cut the element off the right side of the array, return it, and reduce the elements by one. In the examples, the value of $oneName becomes Moe, the last element, and myNames is shortened to (Larry, Curly). The array can also be thought of as a stack- picture of a stack of numbered boxes, starting with 0 on the top, and increasing as it goes down. The pop() function would pop the element off the bottom of the stack, return it, and reduce the elements by one. myNames (Larry,Curly,Moe);$oneName pop(myNames);

Smith & Ricardo vs. Malthus, Bentham, Senior, J.S. Mill and Say Essay

Smith & Ricardo vs. Malthus, Bentham, Senior, J.S. Mill and Say - Essay Example It leads to increased productivity and consequently greater output, high wages and income per capita thus opulence of nations (Ekelund & Hebert 129). Natural harmony exists in economy due to the mechanism of the ‘invisible hand’ which drives individuals’ self-interests to promote greater good hence there is no need for government intervention. Competition in the market is vital and money is just for making trade more flexible. David Ricardo (1772-1823) in his Principles of political economy and taxation (1817) was concerned with distribution of wealth within Smith’s analytical framework. Like Smith he advocated for competition without restraint. He also acknowledged existence of use value and exchange value but concentrated on the natural exchange value which is determined by scarcity and labor cost of production (Bhatia, 116). Since rent is not part of the cost (its value in excess of real production) and capital is past labor, this leaves labor cost to determine relative value of commodities (Ekelund & Hebert 156). However, different types of labor are adjusted in market by relative rates of rewards and wages gravitate towards subsistence. If more than subsistence then population (labor supply) increases depressing wages and vice versa (p. 120). Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) focus was on population. Unlike Ricardo, he saw an imbalance between population and means of subsistence hence ineffective demand. For Malthus population increased in geometrical progression while means of subsistence increased in arithmetic progression hence population was bound to outstrip supply of means of subsistence if not checked (Bhatia 135). Population growth thus needed to be checked through preventive and positive checks such as delayed marriage, celibacy, moral restraint, floods, droughts, famine, disease and war. For Smith and Ricardo, demand for labor determined rate of population increase and was always kept

Brexit in UK Housing Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brexit in UK Housing Sector - Essay Example The UK construction industry generates a whopping  £90 billion yearly. This accounts for 6.5% of GDP and 6.3% of UK jobs. In general, this market sector employs more than 2.9 million people. Despite the fact that the UK construction market is predominantly domestic in nature, Brexit will affect it since a number of people from other European nations have invested in it. Consequently, aside from the EU referendum result, potential investors in the UK need to take note of two key influences on the housing market in 2016: First, the stamp duty introduced two years earlier which saw the upfront cost of purchasing a home increase rapidly. Secondly, the introduction of a high taxes on second homes. However, eight months after the Brexit vote, UK construction industry has witnessed a significant growth in terms of construction activities. According to Kierzenkowski et al new orders flooded the month of December despite the weakening pound having driven firms’ material costs to thei r highest in half a decade. For example, a recent survey showed that purchasing managers in the construction market rose from 49.2 in August to 52.3 in September. This paints a good economic picture than many hardly expected after EU referendum. Therefore, clients should consider the following factors as they look forward to venturing into the UK construction industry. Supply refers to the connection between the cost of a good and the quantity producers are ready to make accessible for purchase in a given timeframe while other factors remain constant.

Applied management project Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14250 words

Applied management project - Dissertation Example Companies can try to capture market share from foreign shores in order to be able to expand without the fear of being discriminated against foreign or local counterparts (Hoekman 2001). Still, there remains considerable criticisms because of the lapses of the organisation have negatively impacted some developing nations. However, the magnitude of the global marketplace makes it very difficult to manage. With the opportunities presented by the WTO, the companies can then turn their sights on these markets and the possible entrenched competition that they may face. Hence, there is the urgency to be able to penetrate swiftly as well as to guide the product in this very critical stage (Robertson 1993). Also, companies would do well to be able to be able to innovate in such a way that they can capture and hold market share. To do so, it is shown in the paper that it is important to always consider the market when innovating their products (Karr and Gabrielson 2007). Background, Aims and O bjectives The global economy has greatly benefited from the increased trading activities that have been fuelled by trade liberalization. Hence, there are many companies that have tried to take on the challenges and be able to get into the different countries and capture the demand of their respective domestic markets. This strengthening of the global trading system has further expanded the global marketplace where companies can have access to different areas where they can sell their wares as well as be able to enhance their production capabilities. It is important to note that this has been supported greatly by the anti-discrimination principles of the Most Favored Nation (MFN) rule as well as the National Treatment rule which has enabled the different companies from different countries to be able to have fair treatment (Hoekman 2001). Still, there are criticisms of the global trade organisation. In fact, Rose (2003) even alleges that the WTO does not really contribute to the growi ng trade between nations. Furthermore, there have also been allegations that the organisation is merely a pawn used by rich and powerful countries and companies to advance their self-serving interests and be able to take advantage of the resources from other countries. Also, there have also been conflicts that have come between policies from different nations with those of the WTO. Among these have been the labour policies and the now increasingly pressing environmental policies. Through the past decade, there has been increasing awareness of the effects of global warming. Hence, different countries have been growing more concerned about the need to protect the environment and mitigate the impact of pollution in the environment. Therefore, there have been increasing regulations that different companies must abide in order to reduce their carbon footprints. However, there is the risk that these policies may be interpreted as protectionist in nature rather than as a protection for nat ure. On the other hand, there have also been rulings in favour of trade that has earned the ire of environmentalist groups that have alleged that the organisation was favouring capitalism over the need to protect the environment. It is important to remember though that trade must be able to promote sustainability while countries must likewise ensure that they abide by the various agreements from the trade rounds that has

The Story of an Hour Analysis

The Story of an Hour Analysis The short-story under consideration by Kate Chopin, the American short-story writer known for her works about strong women in terms of liberation debate, is entitled The Story of an Hour. Being the framing sign of the whole text, the title brings the text up to date, however, running through the entire plot it does not uncover the essence of the unpredictable situation the main character finds herself. It is a sign of prosecution and forms the expectations about what the story may deal with. a lot is hidden beyond the title but only having read the short-story it becomes clear that it describes an hour of true free life of a wife, Louise Mallard, who was dominated by her husband Brently Mallard and could break free from the imprisonment only after her husband had perished in a railroad disaster. The theme of the short-story is definitely connected with the future Liberation movement that was already on the way and promised the long-awaited equality. The analysis of the short-story under consideration is carried out in the light of the Lacanian structuralism who in his psychoanalysis reconceptualised Freud using post-structuralism. Kate Chopin enables readers to trace the widows mind working and the way it is influenced with sadness and joy. The readers distinctly feel the shift of tone in the narration as Mrs. Millard breaks through her conscious storm of grief that caught her immediately as she heard the news. Her first and adequate reaction of mind is weeping, Chopin says: she wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment. Everyone knew that she suffered from a heart disease and were very careful and tender to do the least harm to her fragile heart. It seems that her oppressed will obeys the established system of society and she expresses her feelings structured by the desire and expectations of others, through the relay of her surroundings. The reason of that may lie in the fact that human-beings are social creatures and their desire also has social nature that is developed through culture and language, the former structured like the unconscious. But then she abruptly calms down and sits in her room enjoying the view from the window: The delicious breath of rain was in the airà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves. At the moment the sound consciousness that cannot help but feel regret about the perished husband makes the way for physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. Here Kate Chopin describing the unconscious through the symbols introduces readers the image of nature seen from out of the window of Louises room. The season itself, the springtime, symbolizing the new life the advantages of which she is still has not realized yet, and the window giving her the view of patches of blue sky, all this is definitely a new world that appears before Mrs. Mallard. The expression of the unconscious comes through symbols and readers see her motionless with her dull stare transformed into a gaze fixed away off yonder on the patches of sky symbolizing her future. She feels that something is approaching to posses her interrupting her bitter grief, that is the feeling of freedom that she never new before. And as according to Lacan, the unconscious is structured like a language, Louises eyes become keen and bright and she utters under the breath: Free, free, free! Louise did not cry herself to sleep as a child usually does, it was her unconscious desire to live a full life of beautiful images that lost its bright colors as her husband dominated her. Her conscious ego comes into clashes with her unconscious desire to gain freedom and live for herself. And the momentous joy that seizes her is the expression of her unconscious mind. Lacan substantiated the connections of binary oppositions that became central to structuralism. They can be noticed in the short-story as a system of interrelated signs that make up the whole. In the text under consideration the binary oppositions are male and female, joy and grief, love and self-assertion. The last opposition is ironically described by Kate Chopin, as the main character thinks that she loved her husband sometimes and adds that often she had not. She reasons what could love count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion that is a strong impulse for her to go on. She may have drawn a line to summarize what she lacked and longed for and realized that she deserves freedom and there would be no powerful will bending, no repression and restrictions imposed on her by the society of the time. Mrs. Mallard, though it is a kind of paradox, could feel so free and protected only after her husbands death and was joyously drinking in a very elixir of life through the open window. But the fate offers her another surprise bringing her husband alive and when he enters the house as nothing has happened her heart cannot bear the excitement and fails. Though no one of those present can guess the true cause of death, Louise dies of a heart attack as she instantly realizes that her hopes are broken against the shores of reality. Her family friends call it the joy that kills. Actually, she appeared to feel free only temporarily, but she was free only from the burden of marriage that repressed her, but the complete freedom is nothing but an illusion as it doubtfully exists. Viewing the short-story from the perspective of post-structuralism definitely has some drawbacks, as it propagates the ambivalence of meaning and upset link of the text and the real world. Rejecting the certainty of meaning it may result in thousands of free interpretations that put the readers on the wrong track. Therefore, analyzing the short-story in the light of structuralism is quite beneficial and helps to reveal through symbols the mental state of the main character with the unconscious dominating the conscious ego. It cannot help but catch the eye of the readers that Kate Chopin intentionally concentrates her narration on description of the mental state of the heroine and the signs that uncover it, paying little attention either to her appearance or to the interior and clothes. Structuralism developed by Lacan helps readers to have a good look through a magnifying glass of his postulates on the mental state of Mrs. Mallard and ponder over the reasons of her behavior concealed in the symbols. The short-story The Story of an Hour is of inspirational and though-provoking character that can hardly leave readers unmoved.

Essay --

Ethics of Dissection The use of dissection in classrooms is able to expand the knowledge of students by giving them a hands-on approach to anatomy. Dissection is one topic that is highly debated among all people who question whether it’s an ethical thing to do. According to Webster’s Dictionary the definition of the word ‘ethical’ means morally right and good or pertaining to right and wrong. The line between right and wrong is often a very thin line and many people don’t know where one ends and the other begins. I believe that dissection is an ethical way to get students more involved in learning and can give students a better understanding of the anatomical and physiological make-up of a once living organism. Creating an environment where kids are able to move around to learn instead of sitting in desks all day is important in the teaching process because the kids are able to participate directly, especially in dissection, without a teacher doing it for them. The National Science Teachers Association supports the idea of bringing in animals for dissection. â€Å"Student interaction w...

Role of Stakeholder

Role of Stakeholder Jane C. Doe MGT/420 December 10, 2012 George Wells Role of Stakeholder The role of stakeholder in implementing a quality management process is one that has many facets. When an organization decides to embark upon a quality management process there are many people, internally and externally, dependent upon or affected in some way by the final product, output or process (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). In order to decide who the stakeholders will be in the process, management of the stakeholder process is essential.First, it is important to identify all those required to ensure the success of creating an efficient process; those involved are either inside or outside of the organization (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Second, an analysis to ascertain what the stakeholder’s needs, boundaries, expectations, locus of control within the process, and mutual relationships will be is necessary to make sure everyone involved understands his or her rol e (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012).A third and also important step is the process of engaging all stakeholders early on in the project. Stakeholders must have the ability to engage with the leaders of the quality management process to familiarize everyone with each other and understand each person’s role within the process. When working conceptually with quality management, the three spheres of quality known as quality management, quality control, and quality assurance each have their own role but also overlap (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007).In each of the spheres mentioned herein, stakeholders play various roles. In order for an organization to achieve, maintain, and improve the quality of its offerings, companies use quality control and quality assurance processes and procedures (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Organizations will define their internal quality standards, procedures, and processes as well as develop stakehold ers who will be required to adhere to those standards when dealing with quality control. Stakeholders will monitor process apability and stability, measure process performance, develop and maintain control charts and more (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). In terms of quality assurance, stakeholders are required to put forth a continuous effort to improve the quality practices within the organization. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tutorialspoint†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Continuous improvements are expected in quality functions in the company. For this, there is a dedicated quality assurance team commissioned†Ã‚  (Quality Control & Quality Assurance).The stakeholders of a quality assurance team are dedicated to and responsible for defining a process for achieving and improving quality; they are responsible for process improvement (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). â€Å"The management processes that overarch and tie together the control and assurance activities make up quality management† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). According to Foster  (2007),  the mixed view of quality management up holds the notion that quality is the responsibility of all management, not just quality managers (Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality).So in the case of implementing a quality management process, managers, supervisors, and employees are all stakeholder of varying degrees in implementing quality management activities such as planning, creating the quality culture, providing leadership and support, providing training and employee recognition, and facilitating organizational communication (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007). Two companies that utilized world-class quality control plans are General Electric (GE) and Federal Express (FedEx). To keep GE ahead, managers have devised an array of corporate strategies. They put exceptio nally heavy reliance on the quality control program that far outstrips run-of-the-mill efforts†Ã‚  (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). FedEx utilizes the value-added perspective on quality (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality, 2007). â€Å"To reach its aggressive quality goals, the company has set up one cross-functional team for each service component of the SQI† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality).The SQI is a 12-component index that FedEx uses that comprehensively describes how its performance is viewed by its customers. Each item in the service quality indicator is weighted to reflect how pointedly it affects overall customer service (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). References Foster, S. T. (2007). Managing quality. Integrating the supply chain (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx#gloss01_357. Tutor ialsPoint. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. tutorialspoint. com/management_concepts/stakeholder_management. htm

Concepts of Visibility and Invisibility in an Organization

Concepts of Visibility and Invisibility in an Organization Introduction The issue of gender inequality in organizations has never been addressed satisfactorily (Alvesson Billing 2009, p. 3). Daily activities carried out within an organization dictate the level of gender inequality. Realization of gender equality is important for the success of any organization. As such, organization’s internal practices play a great role in the determination of gender equality. An organization can have women and men doing same responsibilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Visibility and Invisibility in an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when it comes to the process of decision-making only men are engaged. Managers and leaders play a great role in promoting the gender equality within an organization. The underlying aspect in the fight against inequality is awareness. Therefore, managers should note that the lack of awareness could be either inten tional or unintentional. Visibility of inequality varies from one organization to another. In this article, the concepts of visibility and invisibility are analyzed with the aim of increasing the understanding of gender advantage and disadvantage in organizations. Discussion The topic of visibility and invisibility is now the subject of research in most organizations (Bilimoria 2007, p. 39). The researches aim at understanding the advantages and disadvantages of gender. It involves the analysis of how attitudes, cultures, race, and gender influence the working environment and the outcome results of an organization. The research on visibility and invisibility is focused on revealing the concealed gender issues within an organization. Normally, gender is hidden within norms, values, practices, and activities of an organization. Notably, early researches on organizations criticized the theorizing of work while dealing with gender. The studies portrayed males as universal subject and ma de females visible in terms of experiences in the workplace. The most recent researches and studies seek to make visible all the aspects, which have been suppressed within an organization (Cleveland Stockdale 2000 p. 67). The above is evidenced by the increase in management of several discourses such as sexuality and violence related cases in the workplaces. In most organizations, there are cases of sexual harassment, especially of the senior male workers upon the junior female workers. The most common being favours in exchange for sexual related acts. Other cases include the discrimination of women during the decision making of organization’s major strategies. Women are few in all the possible committees or board members. Thus, when it comes to decision-making through voting women have no impact.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, statistics show t hat most organizations are male dominated as management structures and hierarchy places men in the top management as compared to their women counterparts (Simpson Lewis 2007, p. 90). Policies, values, and objectives of an organization usually hide the gender disadvantage. Most of the policies lack well stated strategies of addressing the gender inequality. Often, male workers are usually insensible to issues related to gender and this is depicted in their daily behaviours and activities at the workplace. Male workers enjoy many privileges in the workplace as compared to women. It is important to note that the implications related to the visibility and invisibility processes are complex and rely on the gender and organization’s context. Visibility in the organization is perceived as a limiting factor to women and advantageous to men. Women usually face masculinity and marginalization, while their male counterparts enjoy development opportunities and exposure to various challe nges. Invisibility can be recognised and understood in diverse ways. Similarly, invisibility has different implications in the management of gender within an organization. In the case of management, men are always the invisible in terms of gender and they are privileged since they face little or no scrutiny. Thus, men carry out the management role with ease as compared to the female workers. Women have difficult times in dealing with both the gender and work identity.Notably, the invisibility that implies the normative position gives men power. Obviously, it is the major causes of powerlessness among the marginalized portion of the workers and it is always concealed. The marginalized group works harder to be seen and recognized. The only way out for women is to manipulate the visibility and utilize the eroticism implication since men are hierarchically positioned in the management structure. To master the relationship between visibility and invisibility in the current organization, empirical as well as conceptual analysis is required. Researchers are involved in revision and reflection of concepts in order to understand the concepts of gender in an organization (Ryan 2011, p. 89). To deal with invisibility, surface and deep conceptual analysis of theoretical complexities and contradictions is vital. At the surface level are the feminist perspective and the exclusion and parity in numbers of women and men. On the other hand, the deep concept involves the maintenance of power within struggles relating to norms of the invisibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Visibility and Invisibility in an Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This calls for dynamic analysis of the visibility and the relationship between the groups. Women can embrace high performance because they can avoid mistakes. However, this can create a higher chance of marginalization and exclusion among women. I n some instances, men may opt for men friends and teamwork limiting the behavioural concept and leaving women with constrained roles. Visibility can cause negative consequences for female workers in terms of performance, high career qualifications, and unfriendly working environment. Other factors include the social barriers and behaviours observed in social interaction. To the contrary, token male workers are perceived as superior in terms of career, expertise, command, and authority and this is the reason for their success. Visibility is concerned mainly with the disadvantage of exclusion and difference among the different groups. In reality, the negative consequences facing women can be addressed by ensuring that the number of women working in an organization is increased. The balanced working group ensures that women enjoy gender equality as their male counterparts. Invisibility shades light on the normative position as well as the power related to norms. Men enjoy invisible pri vileges through their dominant nature in an organization since they encounter little scrutiny. However, studies show that women are currently threatening the powers and privileges enjoyed by male workers. It is possible due to the fact that the marginalized groups and women are trying to get the social and cultural recognition. The illustration indicates the hidden privileges and resources that men are currently enjoying. In reality, men have been noted and marked as the privileged gender group. It is perceived as the oppressor group and it benefits from the cultural and material advantages as compared to the women. Norm is invisible, it is hard to analyze, and usually escapes the scrutiny. As such, the individual groups who occupy normative position always go unmarked since they do not represent any gender. The interesting thing is that men do not see themselves as the gendered and privileged and this makes them invisible as the gendered group. Invisibility indicates that according to the normative position both material and cultural benefits usually go unrealized. The major reason is that they are concealed and are termed as inevitable prizes, which the dominant centre should enjoy. In essence, there is a failure when focus is limited to disadvantages that face the feminine group forgetting to look at the advantages of the masculinity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, the issue of gender is only discussed when it causes harm, and this leaves room for the escape of gender from the view as a source of power. It remains concealed, protected, and perpetuated according to invisibility. In contemporary organization, women have secured key positions, but the drawback is that they have not been accepted as leaders, board members, and managers. Whit respect to election of members, women lack the needed numbers as compared to their male colleagues (Jeanes Knights 2011, p. 123). Women still seek cultural privileges attached to invisibility. Both male and female seek to attain the dominant centre and this is the reason why some women entrepreneurs are involved in businesses known to be dominated by men (Bruni Gherardi 2005, p. 56). However, most women choose to engage in businesses that are women oriented and by doing so they propagate the normative positioning. Male nurses who try to align themselves with their medical doctors experience the same struggle. Usually, male nurses position themselves equally as their male doctors irrespective of their different levels of professions. However, the entry to the dominant centre is causing difficulties, as they have to argue out for the areas in which they had been excluded and marginalized by the male doctors. Actually, the privileges attached to the dominant centre might not remain hidden forever from the view. The norm can be seen as the invisible side of power and it conceals gender related practices and the attached privileges. With respect to occupations and duties, women are highly visible and represent experience and materials. Therefore, they get marked as gendered. Another good example is the role and experience of women in the engineering career, they are visible physically but invisible when it comes to authority. Outside the norm, individuals lack power. Therefore, they are vulnerable to marginalization, neglect, and concealment. It is true that preservation and concea lment need power in order to control activities and practices in an organization to suppress any alternative means. Power is actually both fragile and insecure. Vortex explains how the visibility and invisibility behave in the margins and the dynamics outside the dominant centre (Gutierrez 2003, p. 186). The processes to conceptualize include exposure, revelation, and disappearance. The process of revelation is against the normative practices that are enjoyed by the masculinity group. Revelations occur due to female workers securing both leadership and management positions in the organization. The action of these women changes the traditional ways of doing things. Therefore, if women want to be visible, they must challenge their male counterparts. Women are put at the point of dismissal since they are over-exposed and are vulnerable to exploitation. To address visibility, organizations must accept invisibility. This calls for adoption of means of responding to demands of work and ho me. In an organization, there exists space in which women can disappear into the norm (Gutierrez 2003, p. 189). They do this by maintaining their profile low as a response to the visibility. Entering into a state of invisible norm is a strategic alternative to perceived disadvantage. In addition, women can strategically change between visibility and invisibility in an attempt to initiate change. They only become noticeable when challenging the normalcy. However, they are at risk of losing their leadership value in case their gender is exposed. Actually, being visible is a female advantage and it requires exposure of the lack of real leaders by women and concealment of the norm. Visibility leaves women with either positive or negative consequences from the experience of the female engineers who are highly physically visible but are ignored in terms of authority. For the minority group, female engineers, it requires extra efforts for them to be accepted as their male engineers. Women have adopted both visibility and invisibility as a response to the dense masculinity at the workplace. By doing so, women are able to subvert the mens authority in an organization. The ability of women to change between the visibility and invisibility has earned them the opportunity to participate in projects. Some arguments are against gender categorization of male and female since it is a violation of ethics. Actually, the gendering of human beings masks them against their status. Paradoxically, the visibility of women excludes them from the perspective of competence in comparison to their male counterparts. Women therefore ought to abandon the fact that they are female and should be treated equally as men. Instead, they should pursue careers that are friendly and put more effort without focusing on the gender equality discourse. According to the tacit rules, men are perceived as positive and best for the job while women are seen as less suitable not because of merit but because o f the notion that they are women. In an organization, the tacit rules help women organize themselves in the workplace. However, in some fields such as science women are discriminated since the male expertise is dominant and competent. Therefore, the masculinity discourse should be taken lightly. Conclusion Generally, the issue of gender equality at the workplace is expressed in different ways at different levels (Lind 2010, p. 45). The attitude of an organization reveals whether there is equality or not. It is clear that when there is equality, then there is little difference between men and women in terms of powers and privileges. Both men and women are involved equally in the division of work and the process of decision-making is democratic. All genders contribute equally during decision-making processes. The gender equality creates a positive attitude in combination of work and the family issues to both men and women. The basic step is to appreciate the differences between the tw o genders. Through this, a basis of cooperation and development within an organization is established. For this reason, the research of visibility and invisibility are embraced and encouraged. The studies about visibility and invisibility helps organization in shading light on the advantages and disadvantages, which are attached to the two approaches (Werhane 2011, p. 32). The invisibility is being perceived as advantageous to women while the invisibility believes in a normative position where men enjoy the powers and privileges in an organization. References Alvesson, M., Billing, Y. D 2009, Understanding gender and organizations, SAGE, Los Angeles. Bilimoria, D 2007, Handbook on women in business and management, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S 2005. Gender and entrepreneurship: an ethnographic approach. Routledge. London. Cleveland, J., Stockdale, M. S 2000. Women and men in organizations sex and gender issues at work. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ,Mahwah, N.J. Gutierrez, M 2003, Macro-economics: making gender matter : concepts, policies and institutional change in developing countries, Zed Books, London. Jeanes, E., Knights, D 2011, Handbook of gender, work and organization. Wiley. Chichester, West Sussex. Lind, A 2010. Development, sexual rights and global governance, Routledge,. London. Ryan, M 2011, An introduction to criticism: theory, culture, society,Wiley-Blackwell. Oxford. Simpson, R., Lewis, P 2007, Voice, visibility and the gendering of organizations. Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire Werhane, P. H 2011, Leadership, gender, and organization. Springer. Dordrecht.

Why They Play Pranks on Dec. 28 in Spain, Latin America

Why They Play Pranks on Dec. 28 in Spain, Latin America If you should be in a Spanish-speaking country some April 1 and play a joke on your friends and follow that up with a shout of  ¡Tontos de abril! chances are youll get nothing but blank stares as a reaction. The minor holiday of April Fools Day, perennially popular in the United States, is little known in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin America, but there is a rough equivalent, el Dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes (Day of the Holy Innocents), observed on Dec. 28. The Day of the Holy Innocents also known sometimes in English as the Feast of the Holy Innocents or as Childermas. How Dec. 28 Is Celebrated The day is observed  throughout the Spanish-speaking world  in much the same way as April Fools Day. But when the prankster is ready to reveal the joke, the saying is  ¡Inocente, inocente! or Innocent one, innocent one! (See the lesson on making nouns out of adjectives for the grammar behind this.) It is also common on that day for newspapers and TV stations to print or broadcast news stories based in humor rather than fact. In its origins, the day is a sort of gallows humor. The Day of the Innocents observes the day when, according to the Gospel of Matthew in the Bible, King Herod ordered the baby boys under 2 years old in Bethlehem to be killed because he was afraid that the baby Jesus born there would become a rival. As it turned out, though, the baby Jesus had been taken away to Egypt by Mary and Joseph. So the joke was on Herod, and thus followed the tradition of tricking friends on that day. (This is a sad story, but according to tradition the babies murdered in Jesus stead went to heaven as the first Christian martyrs.) Celebrating With a Food Fight One of worlds more unusual celebrations of any kind is used to mark Dec. 28 in Ibi, Alicante, Spain, not far from the middle of the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. In a tradition more than 200 years old, townspeople engage in a massive food fight of sorts- but its all in good fun and is used to raise money for charity. After a several decades in which the festivities were suspended for the Spanish Civil War and subsequent national events, they were revived in 1981 and have become a tourist draw and major event since then. The festivities are known as Els Enfarinats in Valencian, the local language closely tied to Catalan. In Spanish, its known as the fiesta of Los Enharinados, loosely translated as The Flour-Covered Ones. (Enharinar is the verb for coating something with flour, known as harina.) The festivities traditionally begin around 8 a.m. when participants in mock military attire stage a fake coup and take control of the town and enact all sorts of crazy ordinances in program called New Justice - Justà ­cia Nova in Catalan and Justicia Nueva in Spanish. Those who brake the pretend ordinances are fined, with the money going to worthy causes. Eventually, a massive fight ensues between the rulers and the opposition, a battle fought with flour, vegetables and other harmless projectiles. Festive dancing marks the end of the battle. Other Observances of Inocentes Several other regions have distinctive ways of observing the Day of the Holy Innocents. For example, various celebrations are widespread in Venezuela, where many of the celebrations mix European and indigenous traditions. In some areas, for example, festivities are held in which children dress as the elderly, the elderly dress as children, leaders dressed in tattered clothing, men dress as women and women as men and so on, and many wear colorful masks, headgear, and/or costumers. Names or some of these festivals include the festival of the locos and locaà ­nas (the crazy ones). Although Dec. 28 is not an officially observed holiday, some of the festivities can last the entire day. Another noteworthy celebration takes place in El Salvador, where the largest observance of the day takes place in Antiguo Cuscatln. Floats for a parade are adorned with pictures of children representing those in the Biblical story. A street fair is also held. Key Takeaways In most Spanish-speaking countries, Dec. 28 is observed as the Dà ­a de los Santos Inocentes, or the Day of the Holy Innocents, commemorating the Biblical story of King Herod killing babies in Bethlehem.The day is observed in some areas much like April Fools Day is observed in the United States.Colorful celebrations are held in some other areas to observe the day.

Top Girls by Caryl Churchill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Top Girls by Caryl Churchill - Essay Example My general thought of the production is that the director did an excellent job in explaining the challenges facing tough women. The play commences in the cafà © where Marlene waits for her friends to arrive to celebrate her success as the boss of the employment agency (Churchill 1982). The women guests explain their experiences prior to attaining their goals. Scene one in Act 2 displays Marlene at the agency working while Scene 2 shows Angie and Kit playing. Angie says that she would kill her mother as she had been sleeping around (Churchill 1982). In Scene 3 Marlene arrives, Nell and Win gossip about the latest in the office. Angie arrives; but is shy in Marlene’s presence. Mrs. Kidd interrupts and requests Marlene to step down from the â€Å"man’s job† for her desperate husband, Howard. Marlene declines Mrs. Kidd’s offer. Nell then arrives with the news that Howard had had a heart attack but Marlene is not moved (Churchill 1982). The final act takes place in Joyce’s kitchen, where Marlene, Joyce and Angie share experiences. Joyce and Marlene are wary that Angie may not m ake much of herself. Joyce is skeptical of her success, but Marlene insists that she will be a successful woman, just like her mother who is revealed to be Marlene (Churchill 1982). The setting played  a more active role in  my experience of the film by crafting a completely simulated world on my understanding of the film. The setting is in Britain where the success of women is regarded stylish and fashionable (Churchill

Marketing projectthe puzzle phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing projectthe puzzle phone - Essay Example Although there are many other companies operating in the mobile phone industry but in terms of market share iPhone and Samsung are the leading brands. However for surviving in such a competitive market our company is offering some specific features that will help us create product differentiation. Puzz phone is a phone with distinctive, advanced and innovative features at affordable price. Our pricing strategies are very much different from our competitors as we are offering customized products at affordable price. Puzz is also trying to come up with new innovative technological features in order to compete with brands like Samsung. Puzz phone offers more variable features to its customers and that is what will help us to attract new customers. Our company also takes lesser time to assemble customers’ product. There are various factors that are considered to be the strength of Puzz Phone, however the important ones are its price and high customization. We offer variability in price so customers are allowed to choose according to their preferences. The price advantage provided by Rubik incorporation helps attracting a lot of customers. High customization helps customers selecting the features of their own choice. The demand of every customer is different from the other. Puzz phone helps people to express their own different character and personality through their phones. There are some features of the phone that do affect the brand image. These features are the low productivity and efficiency of the phone. The high customization being offered by the company does affect the productivity of the brand. The company however is trying to overcome the drawbacks in order to cater with the complaints of the customers and establish long term loyalty of the customer. Rubik incorporation is also trying to adopt useful marketing strategies for fulfill their mission and vision. The mobile phone industry is considered to be the

Leisure and Tourism Maqnagement Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Leisure and Tourism Maqnagement Project - Essay Example Knowledge of how customers of events industry use social media is necessary so that effective use of the channel of social media can be made possible. The research is based on identifying these patterns and impacts so that the social media can be used as an effective promotional tool. The paper is developed with exploratory research design based on analysis of information and facts. The combination of the survey questionnaire and literature review is used to explore the qualitative perspective of the research. The paper finds out that the social media has huge impact on how the events industry of UK conducts the marketing and promotion of the media. However, blind following of the trend to use social media does not lead to effective results. It is necessary to have a two way communication and understand the nature of the customer relevant to the particular industry. Contents Abstract 2 Research Question 5 Significance of the research 5 Aims and objectives 5 Structure of the report 6 Literature review 6 Research Methodology 10 Research Methods 10 Sampling 11 Data analysis approach 11 Findings and Data Analysis 11 Discussion in relation to literature review 17 Evaluation of the outcome 18 Conclusion and recommendations 19 References 21 Introduction Social media has become an important part of the day-to-day life of people. People especially youngsters spend a significant amount of time exploring social media and its applications. Due to the increasing importance of social media in lives of people, the corporate field also understands the potential of this media in terms of utilizing it as the form of marketing tool in advertising (Smith and Zook 2011). Today, many companies are promoting their products and services through presence on social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, etc. It is rivalling the traditional forms of media and consumes a large portion of the time of people. The reach of this form of media has even extended to the social rituals that mo st people cherish. In general, it has implications for the events industry as well. The industry ought to capitalize on the trends of social media so as to remain relevant. The social media trends also present new opportunities for the events industry so as to thrive well in the competitive environment and move forward (Smith and Zook 2011). The UK events industry is worth 36 billion pounds and it presents an opportunity for the country to be the business destination of choice at the global level. Due to the rise in the growth of the events industry of UK with the recent example of conducting the event of Olympic and Paralympics games event in 2012, it is evident that the industry requires much more marketing tools that have vast reach to people and attract them. The rapid growth of the industry demands equally effective marketing tool for giving the push to the growth and the success (Thorley 2010). Research Question The research question for the study is as follows: How social med ia impacts the UK events industry? What are the implications of the explosion in social media use on the events industry in the UK, as they pertain specifically to the way the industry markets itself and provides services to its customers? Significance of the research The growth of the events industry of UK has compelled the professionals in the industry to make use of such marketing tools for advertising that can attract a large number of audiences and has a vast reach. The rising use of social media and its strong existence in the routine life of people has

United States History Essay Example for Free

United States History Essay 1. Compare and contrast the U.S. experiences in World War I and World War II. War have become an inevitable part of the United States History. So far, the U.S. have engaged in numerous wars dating back to the civil war to the present Iraq war. However, it was in the First and Second World Wars that the U.S. had a major participation that resulted in the restoration of peace and order all over the globe. During World War I, the U. S. held a neutral stand for quite a long period during the early 1900s. At first, World War I was perceived by many Americans as a European conflict but when they realized that their economy and even the lives of some Americans were being adversely affected, they gradually shifted to a warring mode. At that time, U.S. economy was largely dependent on overseas trading but when the war broke out, it dramatically halted economic trading because they were no longer able to sell goods to other countries particularly to Britain and Germany. This event negatively influenced the economy of the United States. More so, the Americans became more agitated when the Germans attacked passenger ships that led to the death of numerous prominent Americans. However, it was the alliance between Mexico and Germany that triggered U.S. to be directly involved in the war because it imposed an imminent threat since Mexico was geographically close to American soil (Hardgrove United States Involvement in WWI). On the other hand, the U.S. participation to World War II had some similarities with their involvement during First World War. In both wars, U.S. started with a neutral stance but the intensity of their involvement in World War II was heightened because of the direct attack at Pearl Harbor. The entire period of WWI, U.S. was only at the sidelines that was carried on to the early part of WWII. At first, Americans aid was mostly confined at providing supplies to the allied forces through the Lend-Lease Act. But when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and Germany and Italy declared war against the Americans, U.S. launched a massive offensive alongside with the British and Russians in Europe and Asia (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia War comes to the United States). Clearly, U.S. involvement during World War II was more prevalent than in the First World War. Americans exhausted all their human and material resources during WWII to the point that it resulted to millions of casualties and thousands of deaths (Digital History Learn About World War II). 2. Explain how the Great Depression seemed to bring the U.S. to the brink of revolution and why you believe a revolution did or did not occur. The Great Depression was the time when the economy had an â€Å"immense disparity between U.S. productive capacity and the ability of Americans to consume.† At that time, the stock values at the New York Stock Exchange was at an all time low, many businesses have closed, several factories and banks have shut down. Also, there was a meager disposable income for an average American and the unemployment rate have catapulted ( Modern American Poetry The Depression in the United States). These were the economic consequences brought by the participation of the U.S. in WWI who became a â€Å"major creditor and financier of of postwar Europe.†Aside from the economic distress, depression also brought significant implications in the American political system. The presidential reign of Franklin Roosevelt allowed several modifications in the economy by increasing government regulation and massive public-works projects to facilitate rapid recovery. In spite of these initiatives, â⠂¬Å"mass unemployment and economic stagnation† persisted.( Modern American Poetry About the Great Depression) It seemed at this point that the Americans were already tired of waiting for the government to take bold actions in order for them to be instantaneously removed from the sinking hole of economic downfall. But the realization of the New Deal policies which focused on mitigating the effects of the depression and the outbreak of World War II have   hindered the possibility of having a revolt against the American government (Modern American Poetry The Depression in the United States). 3. How did World War II led to the Cold War and how was actual warfare between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. avoided while the two powers competed? Prior to the WWII, the U.S. had illustrated the Soviet Union as   an evil nation but during the war, the two became allies because of their common enemy which were the Germans. However, their alliance was filled with doubts and distrusts that became very apparent at the end of the war. Actually, Gen. Patton, an American General, expressed his desire to lead the Allied army against the Soviet Red Army. More so, many were agitated particularly Americans and British when Gen. Eisenhower, Supreme head of the Allied Command, conceded to the demand of Stalin that the Red Army would be the first to invade Berlin. America was threatened of Stalins vast and powerful Red Army, while the Russians were very cautious of U.S. advance weapons capabilities. This relationship facilitated the emergence of the Cold War (Trueman What was the Cold War). Because of the Cold War, the world was divided into three main groups. The West which is   comprised of democratic countries while the East was spearheaded by the Union which is composed of communist countries (GlobaSecurity.org Cold War). Since both nations acknowledged each others competencies in the field of war, they opted to have a cold war to prevent a massive catastrophe from happening. They were both afraid of each others nuclear weapons in which if used, it could destroy the whole human population. So instead of directly fighting, Russia and the U.S. agitated each other through other means such as by supporting â€Å"conflicts in various parts of the globe† and by setting up a propaganda war against each other (GlobaSecurity.org Cold War). Both the U.S. and the Soviet Union used client states to forward their indirect war against each other. These client states are countries who fought for the the Americans and Russians on their behalf. Such as in the case of North and South Vietnam and Afghanistan. Americans supplied the anti-communist South Vietnam with weapons when they were at war with Communist North Vietnam who was on the other hand used weapons from the Soviet Union. Also,Afghan rebels were helpe d by the Americans when the Russian invaded their country in 1979 (Trueman What was the Cold War). 4. Explain how motion pictures are documents of American culture and society. Films are useful tools in understanding a particular culture. More so, Hollywood have dominated the global industry of movie-making. It is because of their status as the most powerful country in the world that projected them to be the front runners in this field. Furthermore, since many admire the American way of life, American filmmakers used this opportunity to showcase the American culture through movies. From then on, numerous films   were made that had an American-theme. An example would be the movie Reality Bites. This film is about the dilemmas that most college graduates experience such as looking for work or determining their purpose in life. Also, it depicted the American modern yuppie life in an urban setting. Another example is the movie Titanic. It showed the economic disparity between the rich and the poor of the American society. Though the setting was multicultural, it focused mainly on two American characters who were separated in love because of their different social status. These are just few samples that depict the American culture and society. Some of the themes adapted showed the typical suburban family life, the X generation lifestyle which is defined by technological gadgets and invention of new colloquial terms and others. Also, it seems that movie goers are entertained and at the same time educated by these American-oriented films. Most of the motion pictures produced by Hollywood utilizes American culture, society and history to impart to audiences from within and outside the U.S. the richness and distinctness of their knowledge,   customs and civilization. More so, it is a subtle way of reinforcing their socio-economic and political status as a powerhouse nation.